Soliton

Soliton is a solitary self-reinforcing pulse that maintains its shape while it goes through the medium at a constant velocity. Solitons are caused by cancelling disperse effect in the medium.

The soliton phenomenon was first described in 1834 by John Russell (1808–1882) who observed a solitary wave in the Union Canal in Scotland. He reproduced the phenomenon in a wave tank.

Solitons have been used in fiber optics and experimented in communication media.

Soliton

Vortex Ring 

A disperse effect is a property of systems where the speed of the wave vary depending on the frequency ¹

A ring Vortex is a donut shaped vortex in a fluid; that is, a region where the fluid mostly spins around an imaginary axis line that forms a closed loop. ²

What is the difference between a pulse and a wave?

Even though both wave and pulses produce a disturbance in the medium, a wave is usually referenced as a continous disturbance.

 One example of wave  could be like if you hold a spring and shake it back and forth, a pulse on the other hand is like only shaking the spring once.

Wave

Pulse

What are pulses?

In terms of physics, in the topic of waves, a pulse is a solitary disturbance that moves through matter (medium) from point to point.

Definition of pulse and medium shown with pictures.